One or both ears may have varying defects. The ear may be absent, rudimentary, cup shaped, too large, fan shaped, crumpled or bat ear shaped. There may be extra appendages, tubercles or missing or large ear lobule. Such defects are present alone or in association with other defects of skull and face.
Single or multistage surgeries are required to correct the deformity.

Results of the surgery:

Some of the defects can be totally removed while others show varying degree of improvement.